Equality:  How have the rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, been denied to African Americans?

A WebQuest for 11th Grade English and U.S. History and Government Classes

Designed by
Patricia Gulitti
Randi Skeats

Introduction | Task | Process | Evaluation | Conclusion | Credits


Introduction
 

Welcome to your "excellent adventure."  Your mission is to travel to a specific time period in American history to discover what it was like to be a citizen at that time.  Your travels will focus on the theme of civil rights: whether they have been limited or expanded to African Americans.  Civil rights grant full legal, economic, and social equality to all citizens.  Each person in your group will take a separate journey to gain different perspectives and sources about our country during your team's assigned time period.  You will later reconvene in the present time to share your experiences and prepare a presentation that will reveal your time period's connection to the progression of the American Civil Rights Movement in history and literature. 
As a result of your time travel and class presentations, you will be able to develop an understanding of the chronological sequence of events and perspectives to help you prepare a thematic essay that answers the essential question, Equality:  How have the rights of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, been denied to African Americans? In addition, you will also create a sample essay writing prompt that will allow others to compare and contrast how this essential question has been addressed in literature. 



The Task
You will keep a daily journal that will document your travel experiences as well as the travel experiences of your teammates.  This journal is the essential foundation of your team's presentation to the class.  You will also need to document your classmates' travel presentations.   When all presentations have been completed, you will be required to prepare a thematic essay, and create a sample essay writing prompt that will serve as the basis for a comparative literary essay addressing the essential question. Each time traveler will also construct a timeline incorporating events and literature from all three time periods.

Presentations can be developed using PowerPoint, video, audio or other formats that are pre-approved.




The Process
    First you'll be assigned to a team of 4-8 students.  Each team will be assigned to one of the following eras:  Antebellum America, Reconstruction through the 1920s, or Post World War II eras.

    One or two students will be assigned the role of an historian, interviewer, photojournalist or literary critic for travel to that team's era.
     

To accomplish your mission, you will follow the itinerary outlined below to ensure you will not be lost in another time period. Each time traveler will keep his/her own journal, documenting his/her research.  Sample generic worksheets will be available to help you write your journal. You will also be required to teach the rest of your group about your travels, and as a team, prepare a presentation that will instruct the other time travelers of your class about the era you researched.

Historian-  Research key political events, such as the creation of laws, the presentation of speeches, incidents of protest, etc.  In your journal, record the specific dates of such events to help with the construction of your time line.

Literary Critic- Research and collect various literary documents such as poetry, slave narratives, letters, and significant writings from leaders and/or authors of each time period in the area of civil rights for African Americans.  In your journal, record your findings in chronological order, and make notations concerning the application of these literary works to historical events.

Interviewer- Research the life and times of important historical and literary leaders of each assigned time period.  In your journal, record in chronological order the specific events and works authored by this figure that make him/her recognized during this era in the area of civil rights for African Americans.

Photojournalist- Research and collect visual documents such as photographs, works of art, political cartoons, graphs, maps, sketches, music, and videos. In your journal, record in chronological order, as well as label such documents as they pertain to the civil rights movement for African Americans.

There are three specific time periods listed below.  For each time period, you will find links to appropriate Web sites for your research, though you are not limited to only using these. You are to access these sites to find the research that is necessary for you to complete your role's task. If you are a literary critic, you should also refer to the anthologies provided by your teacher and librarian.

Forms to be completed for each research link used in your travels:
 Analysis worksheets
 Written document
 Photograph
 Cartoon
 Poster
 Map
 Artifact
 Sound recording
 Motion picture

Once forms are completed, fold, staple, and attach each form on to a page in your journal.


Antebellum America and Slavery

American Studies
Includes e-text works of Wilson, Truth, Stowe, Jacobs and spirituals

Slave narratives
Frederick Douglass borrows a sailor's papers to escape slavery (1855, 1895)
Josiah Henson describes slave housing, diet, and clothing (1877)
Moses Roper is punished for attempting to run away (1837)
Nat Turner describes his revolt against slavery (1831)
James Martin remembers a slave auction (1937)
Frederick Douglass describes the circumstances that prompted masters to whip slaves (1845

Gilda Lehrman Online
What Was Life Like Under Slavery?
The Economics of Slavery
Frederick Douglass-describes his battles with a "Negro- breaker"
Harriet Tubman

David Walker's Appeal

True womanhood in Antebellum America
Two viewpoints on women in Antebellum America

Role of the Black Church
An overview of the church and slavery

Antebellum and Civil War America Literature
Frederick Douglass-includes his writing, a timeline and William Lloyd Garrison's writing about Douglass

Thoreau's Civil Disobedience

Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom's Cabin

Frederick Douglass of July 4th to the Enslaved

Index of Slave Narratives from the WPA



Reconstruction through the 1920s

Slave narratives
Frederick Douglass assesses the condition of the freedmen in 1880

Records from the Freedmens Bureau

U.S. Founding Documents
United States Constitution (13th,14th, and 15th amendments)
Scanned Originals of the Constitution
Scanned Original of the Bill of Rights

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Paul Laurence Dunbar -poet and writer

American Studies
Includes e-text works Washington, Twain, Dubois, and WPA slave narratives

Booker T. Washington. Up From Slavery: An Autobiography
Booker T. Washington Delivers the 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech

Images of Ida Wells
Ida B. Wells: Mob Muder in a Christian nation

We Shall Overcome-The Need for Change

DuBois, Niagara Movement Address

 

Maxims of Marcus Garvey


Unidentified Photographer: 
Ten Children-Cyanotype, circa 1898



Post World War II Era

The Poets
Featuring the poetry of Brown, Brooks, Dunbar, Margaret Walker, Randall and Wright

Civil Rights Museum

Use the gallery of exhibits to access photos and a history of the movement.

Africa-American History website
Medgar Evers
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lift Every Voice and Sing



SNCC 1960-1966:Six years of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Timeline
Issues
People
Events
Greenboro Sit ins

Selected Speeches of LBJ

MLK
Brown V. Board Of Education
Letter from A Birmingham Jail
I Have A Dream Speech



You Can't Hate the Tree and Not the Roots
Message to the Grass Roots
Malcolm X

Douglass: Chronological List of Speeches and Documents
Black Panthers-1967



History of Civil Rights Law-A Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement from the Declaration of Independence to the Americans with Disabilities Act

ADAH:George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Speech



Evaluation

Each team member is responsible for:

Personal Journal:  Entries are comprehensive and written in a clear, concise, organized format. Notes are accurate and illustrate a clear understanding of the chronological sequence of events, making reference to appropriate sources. Analysis worksheets and evaluation of peer presentations are included and convey research, literary, and listening skills. 

Presentation:  Each team is responsible for presenting its research to the class. The presentation format should coordinate all research in an organized, accurate manner. Each member should speak clearly, using appropriate volume and pace to help enhance student understanding of content.

Thematic Essay:  Essay will be evaluated using New York State Essay rubric for regents exams.

Sample English Essay Writing Prompt: Writing prompt follows the appropriate format of the New York State Regents Exam.  Works chosen are appropriate and and well-matched. Analysis of chosen works is accurate, reflective, and comprehensive.
 
 

Conclusion

On your teacher's selected date, your group will reconvene for a secret rendevous to finalize presentations and prepare for your final assessment. Each team must be ready to present to the class their work, and submit their journals on the first date of presentations. Journals will be secured in the classroom, so they will be available for notetaking during other presentations. At the conclusion of all presentations, you will be required to write a thematic essay that answers the essential question; create a time line of key events for all three time periods; and construct a sample task 3 essay for the English Language Arts Regents that asks students to compare two literary works of different genres based on the same theme of civil rights for African Americans. These sample essay questions may be used for preparation for the New York State Regents Exam. For extra points the option of creating a Document Based Question (DBQ) to be submitted with your presentation will be available.
 



Credits & References

Suggested Anthologies for African American Literature

American Studies Album. Oakland: ScottForesman, 1995. 

Barrett, Eileen, and Cullinan Mary, eds. American Women Writers: Diverse Voices in Prose Since 1845. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. 

Clarke, John Henrik, ed. Black American Short Stories: A Century of the Best. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. 

Ellison, Ralph. Flying Home and Other Stories. New York: Random House, 1996. 

Hughes, Langston, ed. The Best Short Stories by Negro Writers: An Anthology from 1899 to the Present. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1967. 

King, Woodie, ed. Black Short Story Anthology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972. 

Madison, D. Soyini, ed. The Woman That I Am. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. 

Russell, Sandi, ed. Render Me My Song. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990. 

Words of Ages: Witnessing U.S. History Through Literature. Alexandria: Close Up Publishing, 2000.
 


Last updated on August 15, 1999. Based on a template from The WebQuest Page