XII. Conclusion

The conclusion gives you the chance to establish yourself as a thoughtful commentator on the research you have spent so much time exploring over the previous weeks or months. While most of the paper is filled with parenthetical references, as you cite experts on the subject, you have become (by this point in the paper) an expert on the subject yourself. Therefore, you should come to present analysis and, if possible a plan, over what directions need to be taken to resolve some of the problems that are endemic in the topic you have explored.

Whatever you do, your conclusion should not merely repeat what has preceded or only be a confirmation that you have done your research ("as you can see, I have discussed the important issues of the subject "). While the conclusion should not introduce new facts, statistics, techniques, programs, etc., you can present ideas and thoughts borne out of the research that has been the centerpiece of your paper.

Ultimately, a good thorough conclusion can make a decent paper good and a good paper great because now the reader gets to see a person behind the research, a person who has integrated the lessons of that research into something meaningful. That meaning can come in the form of predicting future directions on the topic; can resolve conflicting views in the discussion; can provide greater, wider perspective on very specific ideas (for example consider the wider societal impact of a technological advance); can select a solution from ideas presented in the paper and subsequently provide a convincing argument why it is the right solution; and can even forge a new solution based on the knowledge that preceded it.


 
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